The role of age, foreknowledge and complexity in learning to operate a complex device

Old (60 ± 70 years) and young (18 ± 25 years) adults performed two experiments in which they had to learn to operate a simulated device. It was assessed whether age diŒerences in performance were comparable over groups with diŒerent levels of foreknowledge. Of particular interest was the question how age diŒerences between groups with limited foreknowledge compared to those between groups with foreknowledge. The role of complexity of operating procedures was studied by using tasks which diŒered in the number of actions that was needed for completion. In experiment 1, which employed three complexity levels, no eŒects of age were found as a function of presence of foreknowledge or complexity of procedures. Experiment 2, however, which employed an additional complexity level, showed that the performance of old adults with foreknowledge was poorer than that of young adults with foreknowledge. Complexity had no diŒerential eŒect with respect to either age or amount of foreknowledge.